History, Meaning, Tradition You Can’t Miss
When a new Pope is elected, like Jorge Mario Bergoglio choosing the name Pope Francis, he traditionally selects a new name upon his election, symbolizing a clean break with his past and a total dedication to his new role.
Origins of Papal Name Changes
In Catholic tradition, this custom stems from the belief that our given name belongs to us as individuals, assigned by our parents, while a Pope must belong entirely to the Church. Changing his name reflects this shift in identity and mission.
This idea also has Biblical roots: Jesus renamed the fisherman Simon as Cephas—meaning “rock”—the name that would become Peter.
Historical Reasons Behind the Practice
Some early popes chose new names for practical reasons. For example, a pope named Mercurius changed his name to John II to avoid associations with the pagan god Mercury.
The third pope known to change his name was Ottaviano dei Conti di Tuscolo, who became Pope John XII in 955. Over time, a superstition grew among the people that a pope who kept his birth name would die within the year, making name changes even more widespread.
By around the year 1000, this practice had become common. In 1523, when Giulio de’ Medici wanted to use his baptismal name Julius III, his advisors reportedly insisted he adopt the name Clement VII instead.
The last pope to keep his birth name was Marcellus II in 1555—he retained his given name but died just 25 days after his election, and soon after no one else attempted to do the same.
Summary
Today, choosing a new papal name is a deeply symbolic tradition rooted in:
- Religious transformation and identity shift.
- Biblical precedent of renaming for divine mission.
- Historical precedent of distancing from secular or unsuitable names.
- Cultural and spiritual signaling of the pope’s intended direction or values
Visit the Vatican with us.
The tradition of popes choosing a new name is rich with history, symbolism, and deep-rooted meaning. But have you ever wondered how this tradition comes to life in the Vatican? Discover the fascinating papal history with our exclusive Vatican tours and experience the legacy of the popes firsthand
Vatican Museums and Sistine Chapel Tour
Explore the treasures of the Vatican with our Vatican Museums and Sistine Chapel Tour. Skip the crowds and experience the incredible art collections housed in the Vatican Museums. From the stunning frescoes of Raphael to the masterpieces of the Renaissance, our expert guides will offer fascinating insights into the art and history of the Vatican. The tour culminates in a visit to the awe-inspiring Sistine Chapel, where Michelangelo’s iconic ceiling frescoes will leave you speechless.
- What’s Included: Skip-the-line access, expert guide, Vatican Museums and Sistine Chapel.
- Duration: 3 hours